InSAR fasaha ce ta binciken sararin samaniya ta amfani da microwaves don samun bayanan hotunan radar masu rikitarwa daga tauraron dan adam ko jiragen sama don sake gina matakin ƙasa da sa ido kan canjin yanayi. Manyan fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da:
- 🌍 Ƙarfin sa ido a kowane yanayi
Siginar microwaves na iya ratsa gajimare, ruwan sama da duhu;
- 📏 Daidaiton milimita
Sauyin yanayi har zuwa milimita, ma'aun matakin ƙasa a cikin matakin submeter;
- 🛰️ Rufewar ɗaruruwan kilomita murabba'i
Hoton tauraron dan adam ɗaya zai iya rufe ɗaruruwan kilomita murabba'i.
Interferometry na Lokaci da Sarrafa Bayanai
Bambancin lokaci da juyar da canjin yanayi
InSAR yana amfani da bambancin lokaci (Phase Difference) tsakanin abubuwan binciken radar guda biyu don fitar da bayanan canjin yanayi. Hanyoyin radar na iya canzawa saboda sauye-sauyen matakin ƙasa ko motsi, wanda ke haifar da bambancin lokaci. Ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- Rajista hotuna (daidaiton subpixel)
Daidaituwar hotunan SAR cikin daidaito;
- Ƙirƙirar hotunan interferometry
Haɗa hotunan guda biyu don samar da hoton bambancin lokaci;
- Warwarewar lokaci
Kawar da ruɗani na lokaci;
- Ƙididdigar canjin yanayi
Canza bambancin lokaci zuwa adadin motsi ta amfani da sigogin kewayawa.
Ƙayyadaddun Tsarin Lokaci da Sarari
- Tsarin Lokaci
Tsarin Lokaci: Tsakanin lokutan lura dole ne ya dace da saurin canjin siffa. Misali, C-band (kamar tauraron Sentinel-1) ya dace da saurin lura na gajeren lokaci (<84 rana) kamar girgizar ƙasa, yayin da L-band (kamar tauraron ALOS-2) mai tsawon lokaci (>360 rana) ya fi dacewa da nazarin motsin ƙasa a hankali.
- Tsarin Sarari
Tazarar kewayawar tauraron dole ne a sarrafa ta cikin iyaka (misali C-band <300m) don guje wa ɓarnar siginar. Tsarin sarari mai tsayi yana haifar da ƙara hayaniyar lokaci, yana buƙatar gyara ta hanyar ingantaccen kewayawa ko algorithms.
- Ci gaban Fasahar InSAR na Lokaci
Tsohuwar hanyar nazarin D-InSAR tana fama da hayaniyar yanayi da ɓarnar siginar. Fasahar InSAR ta Lokaci tana sarrafa hotuna masu yawa (yawanci 20-100) don raba sauye-sauye na dogon lokaci, canje-canjen yanayi da hayaniya.
- PS-InSAR (Fasahar Scatterers Dindindin)
Yana fitar da madaidaicin sauye-sauye a cikin birane ta amfani da abubuwa masu karfi kamar gine-gine;
- SBAS-InSAR (Fasahar Ƙananan Tsarin Sarari)
Yana inganta amfani da bayanai a yankunan ciyayi ta zaɓen ginshiƙai gajerun sarari;
- DS-InSAR (Fasahar Rarraba Scatterers)
Yana ƙarfafa aikin sa ido a cikin ƙasa mai sarkakiya ta amfani da halayen yanayi.
Aikace-aikace: Daga Hadurran Ƙasa zuwa Tsaron Birane
Faɗakarwa da Ƙididdigar Hadurran Ƙasa
- Kula da Zabtarewar Ƙasa
A cikin zabtarewar Baige na 2018, InSAR ya gano saurin canjin yanayi da wuri, yana taimakawa wajen gaggauta aiki.
- Nazarin Canjin Girgizar Ƙasa
InSAR yana zana taswirar canjin yanayi bayan girgiza ƙasa, yana auna motsin faults. Misali, taswirar girgizar Landers ta 1992 ta zama hoton murfin 《Nature》.
Tsaron Abubuwan More Rayuwa
- Kula da Zurfafawar Ƙasa
Filin jirgin Beijing ya sami daidaiton 0.1mm ta amfani da na'urori masu nuna alama;
- Kwanciyar Hankan Tafkuna
An yi amfani da fasahar InSAR don gano sauye-sauye na milimita a cikin dutsen da ke juyawa;
- Kula da Rijiyoyin Metro
Birane kamar Shanghai suna amfani da taswirar haɗarin zurfafawa don gyaran hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa.
Kula da Albarkatun Ruwa da Ƙasa
- Kula da Komawar Ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa
A Arewacin China, InSAR ya gano jinkirin watanni 3-6 tsakanin ruwan sama da komawar ruwa;
- Kula da Zurfafawar Ma'adanai
InSAR yana taimakawa wajen daidaita hanyoyin shigar ruwa don guje wa rugujewar ƙasa.
Fasahar InSAR tana ba da kulawa ta ci gaba da ƙima na milimita na canjin ƙasa, tare da gano motsin ƙasa daga kwanaki zuwa shekaru daɗi cikin sauƙi.